Southeast Asia · City-state
Singapore Demographics
Singapore’s total population reached 6.11 million in June 2025, while the resident total fertility rate fell to 0.87 in calendar year 2025. The population count therefore has to be read through separate citizen, permanent resident and non-resident stocks, alongside a resident population whose median age reached 43.2 years.
Primary releases: Singapore Department of Statistics population, fertility and household datasets; Population in Brief 2025; and Immigration & Checkpoints Authority administrative records.
Last updated: July 21, 2026
Core Demographic Indicators
Population Growth Depends on Which Population Is Counted
Singapore residents comprise citizens and permanent residents. The total population adds non-residents: foreigners working, studying or living in Singapore without permanent residence, excluding tourists and short-term visitors. In June 2025, residents formed 68.8% of the total and non-residents formed 31.2%.
| Year | Total Population | Residents | Citizens | Permanent Residents | Non-Residents | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 2,413,900 | 2,282,100 | 2,194,300 | 87,800 | 131,800 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 1990 | 3,047,100 | 2,735,900 | 2,623,700 | 112,100 | 311,200 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2000 | 4,027,900 | 3,273,400 | 2,985,900 | 287,500 | 754,500 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2010 | 5,076,700 | 3,771,700 | 3,230,700 | 541,000 | 1,305,000 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2015 | 5,535,000 | 3,902,700 | 3,375,000 | 527,700 | 1,632,300 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2020 | 5,685,800 | 4,044,200 | 3,523,200 | 521,000 | 1,641,600 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2021 | 5,453,600 | 3,986,800 | 3,498,200 | 488,700 | 1,466,700 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2022 | 5,637,000 | 4,073,200 | 3,553,700 | 519,500 | 1,563,800 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2023 | 5,917,600 | 4,149,300 | 3,610,700 | 538,600 | 1,768,400 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2024 | 6,036,900 | 4,180,900 | 3,635,900 | 544,900 | 1,856,000 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2025 | 6,111,200 | 4,204,500 | 3,660,700 | 543,800 | 1,906,700 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
How the 2025 Increase Was Distributed
- Total population increased by 74,300 between June 2024 and June 2025.
- The resident population increased by 23,600, while the non-resident population increased by 50,700.
- The citizen count rose by 24,800 and the permanent resident count fell by 1,100.
Total Population Is More Volatile Than the Resident Series
Population by Residency Status
Selected end-June population stocks, 2000–2025
Source: Singapore Department of Statistics. Values are population stocks, not annual migration flows.
The 2021 contraction and the subsequent rebound were much larger in the total population series than in the resident series. The difference reflects changes in the non-resident stock rather than a comparable movement in the citizen population.
Fertility Fell to 0.87 in 2025
The resident total fertility rate measures the average number of children a woman would have if current age-specific fertility rates applied throughout her reproductive years. It is separate from the crude birth rate and from the annual count of births. The resident crude birth rate fell from 7.4 per 1,000 residents in 2024 to 6.5 in 2025.
Resident Total Fertility Rate
Selected calendar years compared with a broad replacement-level benchmark
Source: Singapore Department of Statistics. The 2.1 line is a broad reference benchmark rather than a fixed Singapore-specific threshold.
| Year | Resident TFR | Total Live Births | Resident Live Births | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 1.82 | 41,217 | 40,100 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 1990 | 1.83 | 51,142 | 49,787 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2000 | 1.60 | 46,997 | 44,765 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2010 | 1.15 | 37,967 | 35,129 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2020 | 1.10 | 38,590 | 34,233 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2023 | 0.97 | 33,541 | 30,518 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2024 | 0.97 | 33,703 | 30,808 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2025 | 0.87 | 29,864 | 27,393 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
Where the Contraction Appears
- The resident TFR declined from 1.82 in 1980 to 0.87 in 2025.
- Total live births fell by 11.4% in 2025, from 33,703 to 29,864.
- Resident live births fell by 11.1%, from 30,808 to 27,393.
Marriage and First Birth Shifted Later
The marriage and first-birth series show a later family-formation timetable. Among citizens aged 30–34, the single share was also higher in 2024 than in 2014 for both sexes.
| Measure | 2014 | 2024 | Change | Population Scope | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median age at first marriage, men | 30.1 years | 30.8 years | +0.7 years | Citizen grooms | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| Median age at first marriage, women | 27.9 years | 29.1 years | +1.2 years | Citizen brides | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| Median age of mothers at first birth | 30.3 years | 31.6 years | +1.3 years | Citizen mothers | Immigration & Checkpoints Authority |
| Singles aged 30–34, men | 44.8% | 47.0% | +2.2 percentage points | Citizen males | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| Singles aged 30–34, women | 32.7% | 37.5% | +4.8 percentage points | Citizen females | Singapore Department of Statistics |
These series occur alongside the fertility decline, but they do not measure how much housing, employment, education, childcare costs or family preferences contribute to the result.
The Citizen Age Base Is Narrowing
The citizen share aged 65 and over rose from 13.1% in 2015 to 20.7% in 2025. During the same period, the share aged 19 and below fell from 22.4% to 19.5%, and the 20–64 share fell from 64.5% to 59.8%.
Citizen Population by Broad Age Band
Observed shares for 2015 and 2025, with the official 2030 scenario
Source: Singapore Department of Statistics and Population in Brief 2025. Figures may not sum to 100% because of rounding.
| Reference | Aged 19 and Below | Aged 20–64 | Aged 65+ | Citizen Old-Age Support Ratio | Measure Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| June 2015 | 22.4% | 64.5% | 13.1% | 4.9 | Observed citizen age shares | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| June 2025 | 19.5% | 59.8% | 20.7% | 2.9 | Observed citizen age shares | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| June 2030 | 19.0% | 57.1% | 23.9% | 2.4 | Scenario-based projection | Population in Brief 2025 |
How the Support Base Changed
- The citizen old-age support ratio fell from 4.9 working-age citizens per citizen aged 65+ in 2015 to 2.9 in 2025.
- Citizens aged 80 and over increased from about 91,000 in 2015 to 145,000 in 2025.
- The 2030 values depend on demographic assumptions and are not guaranteed counts.
Female Majorities Expand Across Older Ages
Male shares remain just above half through ages 25–29. The balance moves to a female majority from ages 30–34, and the difference widens at older ages. Women account for 61.6% of residents aged 85–89 and 68.7% of residents aged 90 and over.
Broad Age-Sex Structure
Resident percentage distribution within each age group, June 2025
Source: Singapore Department of Statistics. This is not a population pyramid because the chart displays within-group sex shares rather than age-sex population counts.
| Age Group | Male Share | Female Share | Males per 1,000 Females | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 51.3% | 48.7% | 1,053 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 5–9 | 51.1% | 48.9% | 1,045 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 10–14 | 51.1% | 48.9% | 1,045 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 15–19 | 50.8% | 49.2% | 1,033 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 20–24 | 50.8% | 49.2% | 1,033 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 25–29 | 50.2% | 49.8% | 1,008 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 30–34 | 48.6% | 51.4% | 946 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 35–39 | 47.4% | 52.6% | 901 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 40–44 | 47.1% | 52.9% | 890 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 45–49 | 47.6% | 52.4% | 908 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 50–54 | 48.4% | 51.6% | 938 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 55–59 | 48.8% | 51.2% | 953 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 60–64 | 49.6% | 50.4% | 984 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 65–69 | 49.0% | 51.0% | 961 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 70–74 | 48.0% | 52.0% | 923 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 75–79 | 45.9% | 54.1% | 848 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 80–84 | 42.3% | 57.7% | 733 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 85–89 | 38.4% | 61.6% | 623 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 90+ | 31.3% | 68.7% | 456 | 2025 | Singapore Department of Statistics |
Where the Sex Balance Shifts
- The ratio is 1,008 males per 1,000 females at ages 25–29 and 946 at ages 30–34.
- At ages 75–79, the ratio falls to 848 males per 1,000 females.
- The age-group ratios are derived from the published male and female percentage shares and rounded to whole numbers.
Migration Stock and Status Transitions Measure Different Things
The 1.91 million non-residents recorded in June 2025 form a population stock. It is not an annual net migration figure. Permanent residence and citizenship grants are administrative transitions, and they should not be added to the annual change in the non-resident stock.
| Status Measure | Total | Aged 20 or Below | Aged 21–30 | Aged 31–40 | Above 40 | Post-Secondary Among Age 20+ | Reference Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New permanent residents | 35,264 | 24.8% | 32.6% | 31.4% | 11.3% | 85.5% | 2024 | Immigration & Checkpoints Authority |
| New citizens | 22,766 | 29.9% | 14.3% | 28.5% | 27.4% | 81.1% | 2024 | Immigration & Checkpoints Authority |
The 2024 citizenship total excludes citizenships by descent. All adult new citizens ordinarily pass through permanent residence before citizenship, while the permanent resident stock itself remained close to 0.54 million in June 2025.
More Households Are Forming with Fewer People in Each
Resident households increased from 1.15 million in 2010 to about 1.49 million in 2025, while average household size fell from 3.50 to 3.06 persons. Over the same period, the resident population rose from 3.77 million to 4.20 million.
| Year | Resident Households | Average Household Size | Measure Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 1,145,900 | 3.50 persons | Census-based resident household count | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2020 | 1,372,600 | 3.22 persons | Census-based resident household count | Singapore Department of Statistics |
| 2025 | 1.49 million | 3.06 persons | Latest rounded resident household figure | General Household Survey 2025 |
The household count grew by about 30% from 2010 to 2025, compared with an 11.5% increase in the resident population. Smaller households can therefore raise the number of occupied dwellings even when resident population growth is modest.
Data Sources and Methodology
Population counts refer to end-June stocks unless a calendar-year period is stated. Residents are citizens plus permanent residents. Non-residents are foreigners working, studying or living in Singapore without permanent residence, excluding tourists and short-term visitors. Births, fertility, marriages and status grants use calendar-year records.
Percentages shown in the text may be calculated from published counts and rounded to one decimal place. Age-group sex ratios are derived as male share divided by female share, multiplied by 1,000. The 2030 citizen age values are scenario-based projections. Household figures for 2025 are published as rounded latest values.
| Source | Release or Data Year | Used For | Measure Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singapore Department of Statistics, Population Trends 2025 | 2025 | Population stocks, age structure, sex composition, fertility history and historical household measures | Official de jure population statistics and registered vital statistics |
| Singapore Department of Statistics, Births and Fertility latest data | 2025 data; released 2026 | 2025 total fertility rate, live births and crude birth rate | Official calendar-year vital statistics |
| Population in Brief 2025 | 2025 release | Citizen age profile, 2030 age scenario, citizen family-formation measures and immigration profile | Joint official publication using administrative and statistical datasets |
| Immigration & Checkpoints Authority | 2024 | Citizen mothers’ age at first birth, permanent residence grants and citizenship grants | Administrative registration and status-transition records |
| Singapore Department of Statistics, General Household Survey 2025 | 2025 | Latest resident household count and average household size | Official household survey estimate |
Methodological Safety Note: Total population, resident population and citizen population answer different questions and should not be substituted for one another. The 1980 population series uses a de facto basis, while 1990 onward uses a de jure usual-residence basis. From 2003, citizens and permanent residents who were overseas continuously for at least 12 months before the June reference date are excluded from the resident count. Non-resident stock is not net migration, and permanent residence or citizenship grants are not equivalent to migration flows. The 2030 age profile describes a possible path under stated assumptions rather than an observed count.
Questions About Singapore’s Population Measures
Why are 6.11 million and 4.20 million both used for Singapore?
6.11 million is the total population in June 2025. The 4.20 million resident population includes citizens and permanent residents but excludes the 1.91 million non-resident population.
Does total population growth mean fertility has recovered?
No. Total population rose by 1.2% between June 2024 and June 2025, while the resident TFR fell from 0.97 in 2024 to 0.87 in 2025. Most of the increase in the population stock came from non-residents.
Is the non-resident population the same as net migration?
No. The non-resident population is the number of non-residents present under the official definition at end-June. Net migration is the balance of immigration and emigration over a period.
What does a fertility rate of 0.87 measure?
It is the resident total fertility rate: the average number of children a woman would have if the year’s age-specific fertility rates applied throughout her reproductive years. It is not the number of births per 1,000 residents.
Is the 2030 citizen age profile a guaranteed forecast?
No. The 2030 shares show a possible outcome if the demographic assumptions used in Population in Brief 2025 are realised.