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Americas · South America

Peru Demographics

Peru combines continued population growth, below-replacement fertility, a still broad working-age base, rising older-age shares, and a highly urban population profile.

Primary national counts use INEI 2025 census/result reporting. International time series, age structure, fertility, urbanization and projections use UN WPP/WUP-based series as published through Worldometer, World Bank WDI, FRED and PopulationPyramids.org. Census counts and mid-year estimates are shown separately.

Last updated: July 2, 2026

Core Demographic Indicators

Population 34,157,732 2025 census/result figure · INEI
Mid-year estimate 34,576,665 2025 · UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Population growth 1.0% 2025 · World Bank WDI
Fertility rate 1.965 2024 · World Bank WDI / FRED
Median age 31.2 years 2025 · UN WPP visualisation
Life expectancy 78.3 years 2026 demographic table · UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Urban population 80.6% 2025 · UN WUP/WPP-based table via Worldometer
Aged 65+ 3,273,225 2025 · UN WPP visualisation
Net migration 11,931 2025 · World Bank WDI

Detailed Demographic Indicators

IndicatorValueYearSource
Population, census/result figure34,157,7322025INEI 2025 National Census results/reporting
Population, mid-year estimate34,576,6652025UN WPP 2024 medium-variant series via Worldometer
Population, mid-year forecast34,922,1482026UN WPP 2024 medium-variant series via Worldometer
Annual population growth1.0%2025World Bank WDI
Mean age34.2 years2025INEI 2025 National Census results/reporting
Median age31.2 years2025UN WPP 2024 visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
Total fertility rate1.965 births per woman2024World Bank WDI / FRED
Replacement-level benchmark2.1 births per womanReferenceStandard demographic benchmark
Life expectancy at birth, both sexes78.3 years2026 demographic tableUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Life expectancy at birth, males76.0 years2026 demographic tableUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Life expectancy at birth, females80.6 years2026 demographic tableUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Urban population share80.6%2025UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
Urban population count27,880,4002025UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
Population aged 0-148,164,959 people · 23.6%2025UN WPP 2024 visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
Population aged 15-6423,138,491 people · 66.9%2025UN WPP 2024 visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
Population aged 65+3,273,225 people · 9.5%2025UN WPP 2024 visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
Female population17,292,043 · 50.6%2025INEI 2025 National Census results/reporting
Male population16,865,689 · 49.4%2025INEI 2025 National Census results/reporting
Net migration11,9312025World Bank WDI
Population density27 people per km²2026UN WPP 2024 medium-variant series via Worldometer
Lima Metropolitan population10,129,7082025INEI 2025 National Census results/reporting
Table analysis
  • The official INEI 2025 census/result figure is 34,157,732, while the UN/WPP mid-year estimate shown for 2025 is 34,576,665.
  • The difference reflects measurement type: census/result reporting and mid-year model estimates are not the same population measure.
  • The 2024 fertility rate of 1.965 births per woman is below the 2.1 replacement-level benchmark.
  • Urban population share is above four-fifths of the population in the UN/WUP-based 2025 series.

Population Trend

Peru Population, 1955-2026

Mid-year population estimates and forecast values from the UN WPP 2024 medium-variant series as published by Worldometer.

Hover or click the chart to inspect values.

Source: UN WPP 2024 medium-variant series via Worldometer. Values are mid-year estimates or forecast values, not census counts.

Trend analysis
  • The UN/WPP-based series rises from 8.8 million in 1955 to 34.9 million in 2026.
  • The fastest 5-year growth rates in the table occur in the 1960s, with annualized rates near 2.9%.
  • Recent growth is lower: 1.05% in 2025 and 1.0% in 2026 in the same table.

Historical Population Table

YearPopulationData typeSource
19507,677,425Mid-year estimateUN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
19558,822,013Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
196010,174,127Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
196511,761,085Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
197013,501,237Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
197515,333,957Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
198017,360,949Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
198519,648,204Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
199022,014,771Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
199524,348,919Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
200026,598,331Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
200528,101,180Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
201029,086,019Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
201530,457,600Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202032,838,579Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202233,475,438Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202333,845,617Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202434,217,848Mid-year estimateWorld Bank WDI / UN WPP-based series
202534,576,665Mid-year estimateUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202634,922,148Forecast mid-year valueUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Table analysis
  • The table uses one mid-year population line for trend readability, with the 2025 INEI census/result value kept separate in the indicators table.
  • Peru passes 30 million in the table by 2015 and reaches 34.6 million in 2025.
  • The 2026 row is a forecast value from the same UN medium-variant series, not an observed census count.

Detailed Population History

YearPopulationYearly % changeYearly changeNet migrationMedian ageFertility rateDensityUrban pop %Urban populationWorld shareWorld populationGlobal rankSource
202634,922,1481.00%345,4836,70730.61.932780.9%28,236,9660.42%8,300,678,39548UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202534,576,6651.05%358,81711,93130.21.942780.6%27,880,4000.42%8,231,613,07047UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202434,217,8481.10%372,23118,40629.81.972780.4%27,522,6900.42%8,161,972,57247UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer; population also in World Bank WDI
202333,845,6171.11%370,17924,78329.51.982680.3%27,163,9760.42%8,091,734,93045UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202233,475,4380.97%318,43033,98229.12.002680.1%26,804,3480.42%8,021,407,19245UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202032,838,5791.52%476,19655,37528.52.062679.4%26,082,4790.42%7,887,001,29245UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
201530,457,6000.93%274,3162,42127.12.232479.7%24,271,9290.41%7,470,491,87245UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
201029,086,0190.69%196,968-181,30225.22.422377.2%22,450,2490.41%7,021,732,14840UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
200528,101,1801.11%300,570-221,65223.22.642273.7%20,717,2750.43%6,586,970,13239UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
200026,598,3311.78%449,882-92,35321.42.852171.2%18,928,6870.43%6,171,702,99338UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
199022,014,7712.30%473,313-29,43718.83.911768.3%15,038,7340.41%5,327,803,11039UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
198017,360,9492.51%405,398-11,44617.45.041464.6%11,209,4530.39%4,447,606,23639UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
197013,501,2372.80%348,030-15,65316.86.321156.7%7,658,5730.37%3,694,683,79438UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
196010,174,1272.89%270,423-7,23617.16.94846.3%4,709,8720.34%3,015,470,89440UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Table analysis
  • Fertility falls from 6.94 in 1960 to 1.94 in 2025 in this UN/WPP-based table.
  • The urban share rises from 46.3% in 1960 to 80.6% in 2025.
  • Net migration is negative in several earlier periods, turns positive in the 2015-2026 rows, and is 11,931 in 2025.
  • Worldometer defines several historical rows as average annual values over the preceding 5-year interval; this is not the same as a single-year census figure.

Population Growth Rate

Annualized Population Growth Rate

Selected historical and current rows from the same UN/WPP-based table.

Hover or click the chart to inspect values.

Source: UN WPP 2024 medium-variant series via Worldometer. For many historical rows, growth is an annualized value over the preceding 5-year interval.

Trend analysis
  • The growth rate is highest in the selected table at 2.94% in 1965.
  • The 2025 and 2026 rows are close to 1%, far below the 1960s values.
  • The growth rate remains positive in the selected rows, so the population is still rising in the UN medium-variant series.

Age Structure

Broad Age Structure, 2025

Population by broad age group from UN WPP 2024 visualisation data.

Hover or click the chart to inspect values.

Source: PopulationPyramids.org, based on UN World Population Prospects 2024.

Age groupPopulationShareYearSource
0-148,164,95923.6%2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
15-6423,138,49166.9%2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
65+3,273,2259.5%2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
Data analysis
  • The 15-64 group is the largest broad age block at 23.1 million, equal to 66.9% of the 2025 UN/WPP-based total.
  • The 0-14 group is 8.16 million, larger than the 65+ group of 3.27 million.
  • The age pattern supports continued population momentum, but the fertility table shows that future young cohorts are likely to be smaller than past high-fertility cohorts.

Five-Year Age Groups

Age groupPopulationShareCategoryYearSource
0-42,677,0607.7%Youth2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
5-92,703,5587.8%Youth2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
10-142,784,3418.1%Youth2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
15-192,887,4238.4%Young adult2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
20-242,811,5168.1%Young adult2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
25-292,770,0858.0%Working age2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
30-342,747,2997.9%Working age2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
35-392,618,6877.6%Working age2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
40-442,348,4786.8%Working age2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
45-492,115,8216.1%Working age2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
50-541,908,6805.5%Working age2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
55-591,606,4824.6%Working age2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
60-641,324,0203.8%Working age2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
65-691,081,7053.1%Senior2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
70-74851,7062.5%Senior2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
75-79613,8611.8%Senior2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
80-84387,2931.1%Senior2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
85-89223,5510.6%Senior2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
90-9490,8850.3%Senior2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
95-9921,1210.1%Senior2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
100+3,1030.0%Senior2025UN WPP visualisation via PopulationPyramids.org
Table analysis
  • The largest 5-year group shown is 15-19, with 2,887,423 people.
  • The youngest three groups together match the broad 0-14 total of 8,164,959.
  • The 65+ rows sum to about 3.27 million, with the 65-69 group the largest older-age cohort.
  • This table does not separate male and female counts by age group; no population pyramid is produced from these totals.

Fertility

Fertility Compared With Replacement Level

World Bank WDI 2024 fertility rate compared with the broad replacement-level benchmark.

Hover or click the chart to inspect values.

Source: World Bank WDI / FRED for Peru 2024; 2.1 is a broad replacement-level benchmark, not a country-specific threshold.

YearFertility rateUnitSource
19606.94Births per womanUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
19706.32Births per womanUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
19805.04Births per womanUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
19903.91Births per womanUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
20002.85Births per womanUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
20102.42Births per womanUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
20202.056Births per womanWorld Bank WDI / FRED
20212.029Births per womanWorld Bank WDI / FRED
20222.004Births per womanWorld Bank WDI / FRED
20231.980Births per womanWorld Bank WDI / FRED
20241.965Births per womanWorld Bank WDI / FRED
20251.94Births per womanUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Data analysis
  • The 2024 WDI value of 1.965 is below the 2.1 benchmark.
  • The selected historical series falls from 6.94 in 1960 to below 2.0 by 2023.
  • The WDI/FRED rows are annual observations, while older rows in the supporting table are from a UN/WPP-based demographic table.

Urbanization

Urban Population Share

Selected rows from the UN urban population series as published in the country table.

Hover or click the chart to inspect values.

Source: UN World Urbanization Prospects / UN-based series via Worldometer. Urban definitions are country-specific.

YearUrban shareUrban populationSource
196046.3%4,709,872UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
197056.7%7,658,573UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
198064.6%11,209,453UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
199068.3%15,038,734UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
200071.2%18,928,687UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
201077.2%22,450,249UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
202079.4%26,082,479UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
202480.4%27,522,690UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
202580.6%27,880,400UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
202680.9%28,236,966UN WUP/WPP-based series via Worldometer
Data analysis
  • The urban share rises from 46.3% in 1960 to 80.6% in 2025.
  • The urban population count grows from 4.7 million in 1960 to 27.9 million in 2025.
  • The 2026 row is a forecast value and should not be read as a census count.

Migration Balance

YearNet migrationMeasure noteSource
1960-7,236Average annual number in the table periodUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
1970-15,653Average annual number in the table periodUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
1980-11,446Average annual number in the table periodUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
1990-29,437Average annual number in the table periodUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
2000-92,353Average annual number in the table periodUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
2010-181,302Average annual number in the table periodUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
20152,421Average annual number in the table periodUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202055,375Average annual number in the table periodUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202418,406UN/WPP-based table rowUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
202511,931Most recent WDI value also shownWorld Bank WDI; UN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
20266,707Forecast table rowUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Table analysis
  • The selected historical table shows negative net migration in 1960-2010 rows and positive net migration from 2015 onward.
  • The largest positive row in this selected table is 55,375 in 2020.
  • INEI reports internal migration balances by department in 2025 census results; those are not the same measure as national international net migration.

Population Projection

Medium-Variant Projection, 2030-2050

UN WPP 2024 medium-variant forecast values as published in the population forecast table.

Hover or click the chart to inspect values.

Source: UN WPP 2024 medium-variant projection via Worldometer. Projection values are scenario-based estimates, not guaranteed outcomes.

YearProjected populationYearly % changeYearly changeNet migration assumptionMedian ageFertility rateUrban pop %Urban populationScenarioSource
203036,193,8800.92%323,443-4,52032.01.8781.9%29,642,906Medium variantUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
203537,591,4250.76%279,509-5,16333.81.8383.3%31,327,208Medium variantUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
204038,794,6490.63%240,645-4,99835.51.7984.9%32,918,395Medium variantUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
204539,796,7240.51%200,415-4,90637.31.7786.4%34,384,997Medium variantUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
205040,583,8760.39%157,430-4,54839.11.7487.9%35,667,261Medium variantUN WPP 2024 via Worldometer
Projection analysis
  • The medium-variant series rises from 36.2 million in 2030 to 40.6 million in 2050.
  • The projected growth rate declines from 0.92% in 2030 to 0.39% in 2050.
  • Projected fertility falls from 1.87 in 2030 to 1.74 in 2050 in this table.
  • Urban share rises from 81.9% in 2030 to 87.9% in 2050.

Demographic Overview

Population direction

Peru is still growing in the UN/WPP-based series, reaching 34.6 million in 2025 and 34.9 million in the 2026 forecast row.

Source caution

The INEI 2025 census/result population is 34.16 million, while the UN/WPP mid-year estimate is 34.58 million; these are different measurement types.

Fertility pattern

The 2024 WDI fertility rate is 1.965 births per woman, below the 2.1 replacement-level benchmark.

Age structure

The 2025 UN/WPP-based age structure shows 66.9% aged 15-64, 23.6% aged 0-14, and 9.5% aged 65+.

Urban profile

The urban share reaches 80.6% in 2025 in the UN/WUP-based table, equal to 27.9 million people.

Projection path

The UN medium-variant projection reaches 40.6 million by 2050, with slower annual growth than in recent history.

Data Sources and Methodology

Values are grouped by measurement type. INEI census/result values are used for official 2025 national counts and census age shares. UN/WPP-based values are used for long historical population series, selected age structure, fertility, urbanization, migration and projections where an internally consistent time series is needed. Missing values are not estimated in the page body.

SourceYear or releaseUsed forMethod note
INEI, 2025 National Census results/reporting2025 reportingOfficial population count, male/female count, under-15 share, 15-59 share, 60+ share, mean age, Lima Metropolitan population, internal migration notesCensus/result reporting; not the same as a UN mid-year model estimate.
World Bank World Development Indicators2024-2025 latest valuesPopulation growth, 2024 total population cross-check, fertility, life expectancy rounded value, net migrationCross-country dataset compiled from official and international sources; years differ by indicator.
FRED, World Bank WDI seriesUpdated April 2026Recent fertility rows, especially 2020-2024 annual fertility valuesRepublishes World Bank WDI fertility series with annual observations.
UN World Population Prospects 2024 via Worldometer2024 revision; 1955-2050 table rowsHistorical population table, detailed population history, growth, density, net migration table, urban series, forecast table, projection chartWorldometer presents UN-based mid-year estimates and medium-variant projections; several historical rows are 5-year annualized measures.
PopulationPyramids.org, UN WPP visualisation2025 page based on UN WPP2025 age structure, 5-year age groups, total male/female visualisation values, median age cross-referenceUsed for visible age totals where the page exposes 5-year age-group values.

Indicator Definitions

IndicatorDefinitionUnitSource note
PopulationTotal population in a census/result count or mid-year estimate, depending on source.PersonsCensus and UN mid-year estimate values are shown separately.
Population growthAnnual percentage change in total population.PercentWorld Bank WDI and UN/WPP tables may differ in rounding and period definition.
Fertility rateAverage number of births per woman under current age-specific fertility rates.Births per womanRecent annual values use World Bank WDI / FRED.
Urban population shareShare of the population living in areas classified as urban according to national criteria used in the source series.PercentUrban definitions vary across countries.
Net migrationImmigrants minus emigrants over the period used by the source.PersonsNot the same as INEI internal migration balances by department.
ProjectionScenario-based future population estimate under stated assumptions.PersonsProjection values are not observed data.

Methodological Safety Note

Methodological Safety Note: Peru’s demographic values differ by source because census/result figures, resident population counts, mid-year estimates and projections measure different things. The INEI 2025 census/result population is not merged into the UN/WPP trend line. Fertility is shown as births per woman, not crude birth rate. Urban population depends on the source’s urban definition. Net migration is not the same as immigration, emigration or internal migration by department. Projection values are medium-variant scenario estimates, not observed counts. Rounded values may not sum exactly across cards and tables.

FAQ

What is Peru’s population in 2025?

INEI reported a 2025 census/result population of 34,157,732. The UN/WPP-based mid-year estimate shown in the international trend table is 34,576,665.

Is Peru’s population still growing?

Yes. The UN/WPP-based series shows positive growth in 2025 and 2026, though the growth rate is near 1% and lower than the selected 1960s rows.

Is fertility in Peru below replacement level?

Yes. The World Bank WDI / FRED value for 2024 is 1.965 births per woman, below the broad 2.1 replacement-level benchmark.

How urban is Peru?

The UN/WUP-based table shows an urban population share of 80.6% in 2025, equal to 27,880,400 people in that series.

Why do the 2025 population figures differ?

They use different measurement types. INEI’s value is a census/result figure, while the UN/WPP value is a mid-year model estimate used for international comparability.