Asia · Western Asia
Israel Demographics
Israel’s preliminary population reached 10.244 million in April 2026. Calendar-year data for 2025 recorded about 182,000 births, 50,000 deaths, natural increase of 132,000 and negative net migration of approximately 20,000.
Active sources: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, World Bank World Development Indicators and OECD.
Last updated: July 21, 2026
Core Demographic Indicators
Births Exceeded Deaths by About 132,000 in 2025
Natural increase remained the source of Israel’s annual population gain in both 2024 and 2025. Negative international migration reduced the gain but did not reverse it.
| Year | Births | Deaths | Natural Increase | Net Migration | Israeli Population Change | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2024 | About 181,000 | About 51,400 | +129,600 | −18,200 | About +112,000 | Israel CBS, end-2024 release |
| 2025 | About 182,000 | About 50,000 | About +132,000 | About −20,000 | About +112,000 | Israel CBS, end-2025 release |
How the 2025 Population Gain Was Formed
- Births exceeded deaths by approximately 132,000.
- Negative net migration reduced the annual gain by about 20,000.
- The resulting increase in the Israeli population was approximately 112,000.
- Natural increase was larger than the final population gain because the migration balance was negative.
Natural Increase and Net Migration
Annual population-change components, 2024 and 2025
Source: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Values are rounded as published.
Recent Population Totals Use Different Reference Dates
The latest CBS figure, the end-year CBS estimate and the World Bank annual series should not be treated as interchangeable observations. Their reference dates, residency coverage and statistical construction differ.
| Population Measure | Population | Reference Date | Measure Type | Coverage Note | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Independence Day population estimate | 10,244,000 | 22 April 2026 | Preliminary population estimate | Based on the 2022 census; foreigner component refers to end-2025 data | Israel CBS |
| End-year population estimate | 10,178,000 | 31 December 2025 | Preliminary end-year estimate | Includes the foreign population counted under the CBS methodology | Israel CBS |
| Annual international population series | 10,122,800 | 2025 | Annual population estimate | Internationally harmonized World Development Indicators series | World Bank WDI |
Differences Between Population Measures
- The April 2026 CBS estimate is 66,000 higher than the end-2025 CBS estimate because it refers to a later date.
- The World Bank’s 2025 value is 55,200 lower than the CBS end-year estimate.
- The April 2026 CBS release notes that a calculation-method change prevents a direct reconciliation with the previous Independence Day total.
- Comparisons should retain the original source, date and measure type rather than combining these figures into one continuous series.
Population Composition at the End of 2025
The internally consistent end-2025 CBS estimate divides the population into Jews and Others, Arabs and foreigners. “Others” covers non-Arab Christians and people not classified by religion in the Population Register.
| Population Group | Population | Share | Reference Date | Measure Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jews and Others | 7,771,000 | 76.3% | 31 December 2025 | Preliminary resident-population estimate |
| Arabs | 2,147,000 | 21.1% | 31 December 2025 | Preliminary resident-population estimate |
| Foreigners | 260,000 | 2.6% | 31 December 2025 | Foreigner population included in the CBS total |
Source: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Population of Israel on the Eve of 2026.
The Population Increased Nearly Fivefold Since 1960
The World Bank annual series rises from 2.114 million in 1960 to 10.123 million in 2025. The selected points preserve one international series and are not combined with the newer CBS current-population estimate.
| Year | Population | Measure Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 2,114,020 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 1970 | 2,974,000 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 1980 | 3,878,000 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 1990 | 4,660,000 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 2000 | 6,289,000 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 2010 | 7,623,600 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 2015 | 8,380,100 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 2020 | 9,215,100 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 2021 | 9,371,400 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 2022 | 9,557,500 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 2023 | 9,849,000 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 2024 | 10,002,200 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
| 2025 | 10,122,800 | Annual population estimate | World Bank WDI |
Where the Selected Series Grew Fastest
- The population rose by 1.629 million between 1990 and 2000, the largest decadal gain among the selected observations.
- The gain from 2010 to 2020 was 1.592 million.
- The series added 907,700 people between 2020 and 2025.
- The 1960–2025 increase was 8.009 million, equivalent to about 4.8 times the 1960 population.
Population Growth Since 1960
Selected observations from one World Bank annual population series
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators. The series is separate from the current Israel CBS count.
Children Account for 26.9% of the Population
Israel’s end-2024 age distribution has a broad base. The three groups below age 15 account for 26.9% of the population, while the groups aged 65 and over account for 12.8%. The 80-and-over population represents 3.0%.
| Age Group | Population Share | Reference Year | Measure Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0–4 | 9.1% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 5–9 | 9.2% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 10–14 | 8.6% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 15–19 | 7.9% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 20–24 | 7.4% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 25–29 | 6.8% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 30–34 | 6.5% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 35–39 | 6.4% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 40–44 | 6.1% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 45–49 | 5.8% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 50–54 | 5.3% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 55–59 | 4.3% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 60–64 | 3.9% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 65–69 | 3.7% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 70–74 | 3.4% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 75–79 | 2.7% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 80–84 | 1.4% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 85–89 | 1.0% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
| 90+ | 0.6% | 2024 | Share of total population | Israel CBS |
What the Age Distribution Adds
- The 5–9 group is the largest five-year band at 9.2%.
- The three groups below age 15 account for 26.9% after adding the published rounded shares.
- The 15–64 groups account for approximately 60.4%.
- The 65-and-over groups account for approximately 12.8%, including 3.0% aged 80 or over.
- The published age shares sum to 100.1% because every group is rounded separately.
Age Distribution at the End of 2024
Population share in five-year age groups
Source: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. This is an age-distribution chart, not a population pyramid, because the series is not divided by sex.
Dependency Is Weighted Toward Younger Ages
Approximately 44.5 people aged 0–14 for every 100 people aged 15–64.
Approximately 21.2 people aged 65+ for every 100 people aged 15–64.
Approximately 65.7 people outside ages 15–64 for every 100 people in that age range.
These ratios are calculations from rounded Israel CBS age shares. They describe age-based dependency and do not measure employment, income or actual financial support.
Fertility Remained Above 2.8 Births per Woman in 2024
The annual fertility series declined from 3.87 births per woman in 1960 to 2.82 in 1990, returned to slightly above 3.0 during parts of the 2010s and stood at 2.87 in 2024.
| Year | Total Fertility Rate | Unit | Measure Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 3.87 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 1970 | 3.78 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 1980 | 3.24 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 1990 | 2.82 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 2000 | 2.95 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 2010 | 3.03 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 2015 | 3.09 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 2017 | 3.11 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 2020 | 2.90 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 2021 | 3.00 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 2022 | 2.89 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 2023 | 2.85 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
| 2024 | 2.87 | Births per woman | Period total fertility rate | World Bank WDI |
Total Fertility Rate, Selected Years
Average births per woman under annual age-specific fertility rates
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators. A total fertility rate is a period measure, not a forecast of completed family size.
The National Fertility Rate Combines Different Group Patterns
OECD calculations based on CBS data show wide differences across population groups. The 2020–2022 average was 6.4 births per woman among Haredi Jews, compared with 2.5 among non-Haredi Jews and 2.9 among Arab Israelis.
| Population Group | Total Fertility Rate | Reference Period | Measure Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel total | 3.0 | 2020–2022 average | Births per woman | CBS and OECD |
| Non-Haredi Jews | 2.5 | 2020–2022 average | Births per woman | CBS and OECD |
| Haredi Jews | 6.4 | 2020–2022 average | Births per woman | CBS and OECD |
| Arab Israelis | 2.9 | 2020–2022 average | Births per woman | CBS and OECD |
| OECD average | 1.5 | 2020–2022 average | Births per woman | OECD |
The broad replacement-level benchmark of about 2.1 births per woman is a demographic reference point rather than a fixed national threshold. Mortality, migration and the sex ratio at reproductive ages can alter the level associated with long-term replacement.
Fertility Differences Across Population Groups
Total fertility rate, 2020–2022 average
Source: Israel Central Bureau of Statistics and OECD Economic Surveys: Israel 2025.
Net Migration Turned Negative Despite Continued Immigration
Net migration is the balance of several separate flows. In 2024, new immigrants and family-reunification arrivals did not offset the negative balance created by Israeli residents leaving and returning.
| Migration Component | Number | Year | Interpretation | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israeli residents leaving | 82,700 | 2024 | Resident outflow under the CBS migration measure | Israel CBS |
| Israeli residents returning | 23,800 | 2024 | Return flow under the same migration measure | Israel CBS |
| Balance of Israeli residents | −58,900 | 2024 | Departures minus returns | Israel CBS |
| New immigrants | 32,800 | 2024 | Immigration flow reported separately from returning residents | Israel CBS |
| Family reunification and other new registration | 7,900 | 2024 | Additional entry and registration component | Israel CBS |
| Total international migration balance | −18,200 | 2024 | Total recorded entries minus exits across the CBS components | Israel CBS |
Immigration, emigration, returning residents, net migration and the foreign-born population are different measures. The 2024 net balance cannot be used as a substitute for any one of its component flows.
The 25–29 Cohort Is Projected to Change Composition
CBS projections cited by the OECD indicate that the Haredi share of people aged 25–29 could rise from 13% in 2025 to 28% in 2060. The Arab-Israeli share of the same age group is projected to remain near 21%.
| Population Group | Share in 2025 | Projected Share in 2060 | Population Base | Measure Type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Haredi Jews | 13% | 28% | People aged 25–29 | Projected cohort share | CBS projection cited by OECD |
| Arab Israelis | About 21% | About 21% | People aged 25–29 | Projected cohort share | CBS projection cited by OECD |
Limits of the Cohort Projection
- The figures describe shares within the 25–29 age group, not shares of the total national population.
- The 2060 values depend on fertility, mortality, migration and group-classification assumptions.
- Changes in fertility or migration before 2060 would alter the projected distribution.
- Population projections are scenario-based estimates, not guaranteed predictions.
Data Sources and Methodology
Current resident-population values use Israel CBS releases. Long historical population, fertility and life-expectancy observations use World Bank World Development Indicators to preserve one international series. Population-group fertility and cohort projections use OECD reporting based mainly on Israel CBS data. Different indicators refer to different dates and should be compared only with their measure types retained.
| Source | Release or Data Year | Used for | Measure Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Israel’s Independence Day 2026 | April 2026; age data for end-2024 | Latest population estimate, population-group counts and detailed age shares | Preliminary census-based population estimate and age distribution |
| Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Population of Israel on the Eve of 2026 | December 2025 | End-2025 population, growth, births, deaths, natural increase, net migration and population composition | Preliminary end-year population and annual vital-event totals |
| Israel Central Bureau of Statistics, Population of Israel on the Eve of 2025 | December 2024 | 2024 births, deaths, natural increase and detailed migration components | Preliminary end-year population-change components |
| World Bank World Development Indicators | Population through 2025; fertility and life expectancy through 2024 | Historical population series, fertility trend and life expectancy | International annual estimates and demographic rates |
| OECD Economic Surveys: Israel 2025 | 2025; fertility averages for 2020–2022 | Fertility by population group and projected composition of the 25–29 cohort | OECD tabulation, CBS-based statistics and projection reporting |
Calculation Notes
The 0–14, 15–64 and 65+ shares were calculated by adding the published five-year age-group percentages. The resulting broad groups total 100.1% because the original age shares were rounded separately.
Youth, old-age and combined dependency ratios were derived from those rounded broad-age shares. They are approximate statistical ratios and do not identify whether a person is employed or economically dependent.
Historical population values were not interpolated. The displayed years are selected observations from the World Bank series. Fertility values are shown at the precision needed for the trend and do not represent completed lifetime births for a real cohort of women.
Natural increase means births minus deaths. Net migration refers to the balance of entries and exits under the source methodology. Foreign residents included in the current CBS total are not equivalent to annual immigrant arrivals or the foreign-born population.
Methodological Safety Note: Israel CBS resident-population estimates, World Bank annual population estimates and projections should not be merged without preserving their original definitions. The April 2026 CBS figure is preliminary and based on the 2022 census. The associated release reports a revised treatment of foreigners and states that the annual increase does not reconcile exactly with the previous Independence Day figure because the calculation methodology changed. The foreigner component in that release refers to end-2025 data. Age shares are rounded, migration measures depend on duration and residency rules, and population-group projections remain conditional on future fertility, mortality, migration and classification assumptions.