Asia · South-eastern Asia
Indonesia Demographics
Indonesia combines a very large and still-growing population, near-replacement fertility, a broad working-age base, and a slowly ageing age structure.
Sources used: BPS-Statistics Indonesia mid-year population and age-sex projection tables, BPS SUPAS 2025, World Bank World Development Indicators, and UN DESA World Population Prospects 2024.
Last updated: June 15, 2026
Core Demographic Indicators
Detailed Demographic Indicators
| Indicator | Value | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mid-year population | 284.44 million | 2025 | BPS-Statistics Indonesia |
| Male population | 143.55 million | 2025 | BPS age-sex projection |
| Female population | 140.89 million | 2025 | BPS age-sex projection |
| Male share | 50.5% | 2025 | Calculated from BPS age-sex projection |
| Female share | 49.5% | 2025 | Calculated from BPS age-sex projection |
| Sex ratio | 101.9 males per 100 females | 2025 | Calculated from BPS age-sex projection |
| Population growth rate | 1.08% average per year | 2020-2025 | BPS SUPAS 2025 |
| Median age | 30.7 years | 2026 | UN DESA WPP 2024 medium variant |
| Total fertility rate | 2.13 births per woman | 2025 | BPS SUPAS 2025 |
| Life expectancy at birth | 71.29 years | 2024 | World Bank WDI |
| Life expectancy at birth, male | 69.16 years | 2024 | World Bank WDI |
| Life expectancy at birth, female | 73.43 years | 2024 | World Bank WDI |
| Urban population share | 59.2% | 2024 | World Bank WDI |
| Urban population count | 167.84 million | 2024 | World Bank WDI |
| Population aged 0-14 | 23.5% | 2025 | Calculated from BPS age-sex projection |
| Population aged 15-64 | 69.0% | 2025 | Calculated from BPS age-sex projection |
| Population aged 65+ | 7.6% | 2025 | Calculated from BPS age-sex projection |
| Dependency ratio | 45.05 per 100 working-age population | 2025 | BPS SUPAS 2025 |
| Infant mortality rate | 14.12 deaths per 1,000 live births | 2025 | BPS SUPAS 2025 |
| Net migration | -39,509 | 2025 | World Bank WDI |
Table analysis
- The 2025 BPS mid-year projection places Indonesia at 284.44 million people.
- The BPS age-sex table gives a near-even sex distribution: 50.5% male and 49.5% female after rounding.
- The fertility estimate of 2.13 births per woman is close to the 2.1 replacement-level benchmark.
- The 2025 dependency ratio from SUPAS is 45.05, while the broad age calculation from the age-sex table is very close at about 45.0.
- Migration is negative in the World Bank WDI series, but small relative to total population size.
Population Trend
Indonesia Population Trend
Census counts and BPS mid-year projection values shown as selected benchmark years.
Source: BPS-Statistics Indonesia census and mid-year projection tables. Values are not mixed with UN projection years.
| Year | Population | Measure type | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1961 | 97,085,348 | Census count | BPS census series |
| 1971 | 119,208,229 | Census count | BPS census series |
| 1980 | 147,490,298 | Census count | BPS census series |
| 1990 | 179,378,946 | Census count | BPS census series |
| 2000 | 206,264,595 | Census count | BPS census series |
| 2010 | 237,641,326 | Census count | BPS census series |
| 2020 | 270,203,917 | Census count | BPS Population Census 2020 |
| 2023 | 278,696,200 | Mid-year projection | BPS mid-year population |
| 2024 | 281,603,800 | Mid-year projection | BPS mid-year population |
| 2025 | 284,438,800 | Mid-year projection | BPS mid-year population |
Trend analysis
- Indonesia’s population rose from 97.1 million in the 1961 census to 270.2 million in the 2020 census.
- The BPS mid-year projection adds another 14.2 million people between 2020 and 2025.
- The 2023-2025 rows are projection-based mid-year values, not census counts.
Broad Age Structure
Age Groups by Share of Population
Broad age groups calculated from the 2025 BPS age-sex projection table.
Source: BPS-Statistics Indonesia, age group and sex projection table, 2025. Percentages are calculated from displayed age-sex rows.
| Age group | Population | Share | Male share within group | Female share within group | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-14 | 66.724 million | 23.5% | 51.1% | 48.9% | 2025 | BPS age-sex projection |
| 15-64 | 196.132 million | 69.0% | 50.6% | 49.4% | 2025 | BPS age-sex projection |
| 65+ | 21.583 million | 7.6% | 47.1% | 52.9% | 2025 | BPS age-sex projection |
Chart analysis
- The working-age group accounts for about 69.0% of the population.
- The 0-14 group remains large at 66.7 million people.
- The 65+ group is smaller than the youth group but already reaches 21.6 million people.
Age-Sex Population Structure
Indonesia Population Pyramid
Population by 5-year age group and sex, with male values shown on the left side.
Source: BPS-Statistics Indonesia, population by age group and sex, 2025. BPS publishes the source table in thousand people; chart values are converted to people.
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Male share | Female share | Sex ratio | Year | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0-4 | 11.606 million | 11.146 million | 22.753 million | 51.0% | 49.0% | 104.1 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 5-9 | 11.225 million | 10.730 million | 21.956 million | 51.1% | 48.9% | 104.6 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 10-14 | 11.250 million | 10.766 million | 22.016 million | 51.1% | 48.9% | 104.5 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 15-19 | 11.389 million | 10.706 million | 22.096 million | 51.5% | 48.5% | 106.4 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 20-24 | 11.401 million | 10.760 million | 22.161 million | 51.4% | 48.6% | 106.0 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 25-29 | 11.532 million | 10.982 million | 22.514 million | 51.2% | 48.8% | 105.0 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 30-34 | 11.324 million | 10.870 million | 22.194 million | 51.0% | 49.0% | 104.2 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 35-39 | 11.013 million | 10.705 million | 21.718 million | 50.7% | 49.3% | 102.9 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 40-44 | 10.436 million | 10.247 million | 20.683 million | 50.5% | 49.5% | 101.8 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 45-49 | 9.840 million | 9.794 million | 19.635 million | 50.1% | 49.9% | 100.5 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 50-54 | 8.775 million | 8.825 million | 17.600 million | 49.9% | 50.1% | 99.4 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 55-59 | 7.518 million | 7.652 million | 15.170 million | 49.6% | 50.4% | 98.3 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 60-64 | 6.074 million | 6.287 million | 12.361 million | 49.1% | 50.9% | 96.6 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 65-69 | 4.519 million | 4.749 million | 9.267 million | 48.8% | 51.2% | 95.2 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 70-74 | 3.036 million | 3.308 million | 6.344 million | 47.9% | 52.1% | 91.8 | 2025 | BPS projection |
| 75+ | 2.609 million | 3.363 million | 5.972 million | 43.7% | 56.3% | 77.6 | 2025 | BPS projection |
Age-sex analysis
- The largest 5-year group in the BPS table is 0-4, at about 22.75 million people.
- Male counts are higher than female counts through the 45-49 group.
- The balance changes at 50-54, where female population slightly exceeds male population.
- The 75+ group is strongly female-heavy: 56.3% female and 43.7% male.
- The 75+ sex ratio is 77.6 males per 100 females, compared with 104.1 in the 0-4 group.
Fertility, Longevity and Urbanization
Fertility Compared With Replacement Level
BPS SUPAS 2025 fertility estimate compared with the broad 2.1 benchmark.
Source: BPS SUPAS 2025. Replacement level is a broad reference, not a country-specific threshold.
Chart analysis
- The BPS SUPAS 2025 estimate of 2.13 is only 0.03 above the 2.1 benchmark.
- The chart compares a survey-based national estimate with a general demographic reference level.
Life Expectancy at Birth by Sex
World Bank WDI life expectancy estimates for 2024.
Source: World Bank World Development Indicators, 2024.
Chart analysis
- Female life expectancy is 73.43 years, compared with 69.16 years for males.
- The female-male gap is about 4.27 years.
- The total estimate is 71.29 years.
Urban and Rural Population Share
Urban share from World Bank WDI, with rural share as the remainder.
Source: World Bank WDI, 2024. Urban definition follows national definitions used in the World Bank urban series.
Chart analysis
- The World Bank urban share for 2024 is 59.2%.
- The urban population count is about 167.84 million people in the same dataset.
- Urban and rural definitions can differ across national sources, so the World Bank series is best used for cross-country comparison.
Migration and Projection Data
Net Migration
World Bank WDI net migration value for Indonesia.
Source: World Bank WDI. Net migration is immigrants minus emigrants over the period used by the source.
| Year | Immigration | Emigration | Net migration | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2025 | Data not available | Data not available | -39,509 | World Bank WDI |
Table analysis
- The World Bank WDI net migration value for 2025 is -39,509.
- Separate immigration and emigration counts are not shown in the current dataset.
- The value is negative, but it is small compared with Indonesia’s total population of more than 284 million.
UN Medium-Variant Population Projection
Selected projection years from UN DESA World Population Prospects 2024 medium variant.
Source: UN DESA World Population Prospects 2024 medium variant, accessed through UNdata and derivative UN WPP display tables. Projection values are scenario-based estimates.
| Year | Projected population | Scenario | Source note |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2026 | 287,886,782 | Medium variant | UN DESA WPP 2024 display value |
| 2031 | 297,719,747 | Medium variant | UN DESA WPP 2024 display value |
| 2077 | 316,525,131 | Medium variant | UN DESA WPP 2024 display value |
| 2090 | 306,110,861 | Medium variant | UN DESA WPP 2024 display value |
| 2100 | 295,511,061 | Medium variant | UNdata WPP 2024 medium variant |
Projection analysis
- The selected medium-variant path rises from 287.9 million in 2026 to 316.5 million around 2077.
- The 2100 medium-variant value is 295.5 million, below the selected 2077 value.
- Projection values should not be read as guaranteed future counts.
Demographic Overview
BPS projection data show continued population growth through 2025, with Indonesia reaching 284.44 million people.
The working-age group remains the largest broad age band, but the 65+ population already exceeds 21 million people in the BPS 2025 age-sex table.
Younger and working-age groups are slightly male-heavy, while older groups become female-heavy, especially at ages 75 and above.
The SUPAS 2025 total fertility rate of 2.13 is close to the broad replacement-level benchmark of 2.1 births per woman.
World Bank WDI places Indonesia’s urban share at 59.2% in 2024, equal to about 167.84 million urban residents.
BPS mid-year projections, census counts, World Bank model estimates, and UN scenario projections use different definitions and should not be merged without labels.
Data Sources and Methodology
| Source | Year or release | Used for | Method note |
|---|---|---|---|
| BPS-Statistics Indonesia mid-year population | 2023-2025 table values | Population card, population trend, historical population table | Projection-based mid-year population for recent years. |
| BPS-Statistics Indonesia age group and sex table | 2025 | Age structure, male/female counts, population pyramid, sex ratio table | Source values are published in thousand people; displayed people counts are converted and rounded. |
| BPS SUPAS 2025 | Released May 2026 | Fertility rate, population growth, dependency ratio, infant mortality, older-person phase note | Survey-based official statistical release. |
| World Bank World Development Indicators | 2024-2025 latest available values | Life expectancy, urban population share and count, net migration | Comparable international series compiled from UN, official and international statistical sources. |
| UN DESA World Population Prospects 2024 | 2024 revision | Median age and selected medium-variant projection values | Projection values are scenario-based and separate from BPS observed or national projection tables. |
Method note
- Population trend values use BPS census and BPS mid-year projection sources, not World Bank de facto mid-year estimates.
- Age-sex percentages are calculated from the displayed 2025 BPS age-sex rows.
- Life expectancy, urban share and migration use World Bank WDI for cross-country comparability.
- Projection values are kept in a separate projection table and chart.
Methodological Safety Note
Methodological Safety Note: Indonesia demographic values can differ by source because a census count, a resident population table, a mid-year projection, a World Bank de facto estimate and a UN medium-variant projection are different measures. Age-sex tables are rounded from thousand-person source units. Urban population follows national definitions used in the World Bank urban series. Net migration is a balance measure, not separate immigration and emigration. Fertility near 2.1 should be read as a benchmark comparison, not a fixed country-specific replacement threshold.
Indonesia Demographics FAQ
What is Indonesia’s population in 2025?
BPS-Statistics Indonesia gives a 2025 mid-year population projection of 284.44 million people.
Is Indonesia’s fertility rate below replacement level?
BPS SUPAS 2025 reports a total fertility rate of 2.13 births per woman, very close to the broad 2.1 replacement-level benchmark.
Does Indonesia have a young or ageing population?
The 2025 BPS age-sex table still shows a large working-age population, but the 65+ group already reaches about 21.58 million people.
Why do Indonesia population figures differ by source?
BPS mid-year projections, census counts, World Bank de facto estimates and UN projection scenarios use different definitions, years and methods.