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Americas · South America

Brazil Demographics

Brazil combines a large but slowing population, below-replacement fertility, high urban concentration, and a census-confirmed shift toward older age groups.

Core values use IBGE resident population estimates, the 2022 Census, IBGE Life Tables, World Bank WDI, and UN DESA World Population Prospects 2024. Source definitions differ by indicator.

Last updated: June 15, 2026

Core Demographic Indicators

Population 213,421,037 2025 · IBGE resident estimate, July 1
Population growth 0.39% 2025 · IBGE annual estimate
Median age 35 years 2022 · IBGE Census
Fertility rate 1.6 2024 · World Bank WDI, births per woman
Life expectancy 76.6 years 2024 · IBGE Complete Life Tables
Urban population 91.0% 2024 · World Bank WDI / UN urban series
Aged 65+ 10.9% 2022 · IBGE Census
Net migration -217,283 2025 · UN WPP 2024 medium variant

Detailed Demographic Indicators

IndicatorValueYearSource
Resident population213,421,0372025IBGE Population Estimates
Annual population growth0.39%2025IBGE Population Estimates
Census population203,080,7562022IBGE 2022 Census
World Bank total population211,998,5732024World Bank WDI
Median age35 years2022IBGE 2022 Census
Total fertility rate1.6 births per woman2024World Bank WDI
Life expectancy at birth76.6 years2024IBGE Complete Life Tables
Life expectancy at birth, men73.3 years2024IBGE Complete Life Tables
Life expectancy at birth, women79.9 years2024IBGE Complete Life Tables
Population aged 0-1440,129,261 · 19.8%2022IBGE 2022 Census
Population aged 15-64140,782,394 · 69.3%2022IBGE 2022 Census
Population aged 65+22,169,101 · 10.9%2022IBGE 2022 Census
Female population104,548,325 · 51.5%2022IBGE 2022 Census
Male population98,532,431 · 48.5%2022IBGE 2022 Census
Sex ratio94.2 men per 100 women2022IBGE 2022 Census
Urban population share91.0%2024World Bank WDI / UN urban series
Population density25 people per km²2025UN WPP 2024 medium variant
Net migration-217,2832025UN WPP 2024 medium variant
Table analysis
  • IBGE estimated Brazil at 213,421,037 residents on July 1, 2025, while the 2022 Census counted 203,080,756 residents.
  • The 2022 Census age structure shows 10.9% of residents aged 65 or older and 19.8% aged 0-14.
  • The female population exceeded the male population by 6,015,894 people in the 2022 Census.
  • World Bank and UN values use model-based or internationally harmonized series; IBGE values use national resident estimates, census results, or official life tables.

Population Trend

Brazil Population, 1955-2026

Mid-year population estimates and short-run projections in the UN WPP 2024 medium variant.

Hover or click the chart to inspect values.

Source: UN DESA World Population Prospects 2024, medium-fertility variant; displayed with Worldometer table structure.

Trend analysis
  • The UN WPP series rises from 62.1 million in 1955 to 213.6 million in 2026.
  • Growth remains positive in the current series, but the pace has slowed to below 0.5% in recent years.
  • The chart uses mid-year UN estimates and projections; it is not the same measure as the IBGE 2025 resident estimate.

Detailed Population History

YearPopulationYearly % changeYearly changeNet migrationMedian ageFertility rateDensityUrban pop %Urban populationWorld shareWorld populationGlobal rankSource
2026213,562,6660.35%750,261-205,64235.31.592691.7%195,932,5422.57%8,300,678,3957UN WPP 2024
2025212,812,4050.38%813,832-217,28334.81.602591.4%194,451,5062.59%8,231,613,0707UN WPP 2024
2024211,998,5730.41%857,844-225,51034.41.612591.0%192,914,7632.60%8,161,972,5727UN WPP 2024
2023211,140,7290.40%834,314-240,05933.91.622590.6%191,322,7862.61%8,091,734,9307UN WPP 2024
2022210,306,4150.39%822,787-253,63933.51.632590.2%189,675,7032.62%8,021,407,1927UN WPP 2024
2020208,660,8420.68%1,397,062-78,43732.71.652589.2%186,217,0702.65%7,887,001,2927UN WPP 2024
2015201,675,5320.81%1,594,721-173,61130.51.782487.6%176,653,7002.70%7,470,491,8726UN WPP 2024
2010193,701,9290.96%1,802,766-261,53928.21.792385.7%165,969,0182.76%7,021,732,1486UN WPP 2024
2005184,688,1011.20%2,133,964-88,86826.01.942283.8%154,831,6402.80%6,586,970,1325UN WPP 2024
2000174,018,2821.47%2,456,642-45,80024.22.252181.8%142,319,5072.82%6,171,702,9935UN WPP 2024
1995161,735,0731.63%2,518,370-69,96322.72.571977.9%125,958,2162.81%5,758,878,9825UN WPP 2024
1990149,143,2231.93%2,725,526-30,55521.42.901874.0%110,404,0282.80%5,327,803,1105UN WPP 2024
1985135,515,5952.26%2,861,627-60,87920.23.481669.9%94,786,7932.78%4,868,943,4656UN WPP 2024
1980121,207,4612.41%2,717,579-38,91819.24.041565.4%79,320,2792.73%4,447,606,2366UN WPP 2024
1975107,619,5652.44%2,448,783-25,49918.24.421360.8%65,415,9952.64%4,070,735,2777UN WPP 2024
197095,375,6512.62%2,311,614-18,77917.34.931155.9%53,295,8822.58%3,694,683,7947UN WPP 2024
196583,817,5832.98%2,285,891-8,82416.75.681050.8%42,615,1682.51%3,334,533,7037UN WPP 2024
196072,388,1263.11%2,057,3484,06616.96.05946.0%33,315,5882.40%3,015,470,8948UN WPP 2024
195562,101,3883.06%1,738,56712,50117.36.08741.4%25,688,8332.27%2,740,213,7928UN WPP 2024
Table analysis
  • Brazil’s UN WPP population series passes 200 million between 2010 and 2015.
  • The annualized growth rate falls from 3.11% in 1960 to 0.38% in 2025.
  • The fertility rate in this series falls from 6.08 births per woman in 1955 to 1.60 in 2025.
  • The urban share rises from 41.4% in 1955 to 91.4% in 2025.
  • Net migration is negative in recent rows; the UN series reports -217,283 for 2025.

Age Structure

Brazil Broad Age Structure

Resident population by broad age group from the 2022 Census.

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Source: IBGE 2022 Census. Broad groups are 0-14, 15-64 and 65+.

Chart analysis
  • The working-age group, 15-64, accounts for 140.8 million residents in the 2022 Census.
  • The 65+ population is 22.2 million, compared with 40.1 million residents aged 0-14.
  • This chart uses broad age groups and is not a population pyramid.
Age groupPopulationShareYearSource
0-1440,129,26119.8%2022IBGE 2022 Census
15-64140,782,39469.3%2022IBGE 2022 Census
65+22,169,10110.9%2022IBGE 2022 Census

Age-Sex Population Structure

Brazil Population Pyramid

Resident population by five-year age group and sex.

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Source: IBGE 2022 Census, resident population by age and sex. Male values are stored as negative values for left-side chart rendering.

Age-sex analysis
  • Male counts are higher through age 20-24; the balance turns female-heavy from 25-29 onward.
  • The largest five-year age group is 35-39, with 16,172,791 residents.
  • The sex ratio falls from 104.6 in ages 10-14 to 38.8 in ages 100+.
  • At ages 65+, the Census counted 9,619,919 men and 12,549,182 women.
  • Sex ratio is calculated as men per 100 women using the table values.
Age groupMaleFemaleTotalMale shareFemale shareSex ratioYearSource
0-46,461,6896,243,17112,704,86050.9%49.1%103.52022IBGE 2022 Census
5-97,011,2826,738,15813,749,44051.0%49.0%104.12022IBGE 2022 Census
10-146,992,7466,682,21513,674,96151.1%48.9%104.62022IBGE 2022 Census
15-197,317,5157,058,42714,375,94250.9%49.1%103.72022IBGE 2022 Census
20-247,767,3067,699,15715,466,46350.2%49.8%100.92022IBGE 2022 Census
25-297,627,4587,842,26515,469,72349.3%50.7%97.32022IBGE 2022 Census
30-347,537,2857,935,83215,473,11748.7%51.3%95.02022IBGE 2022 Census
35-397,827,3338,345,45816,172,79148.4%51.6%93.82022IBGE 2022 Census
40-447,781,0598,291,11116,072,17048.4%51.6%93.82022IBGE 2022 Census
45-496,549,1097,091,00313,640,11248.0%52.0%92.42022IBGE 2022 Census
50-546,014,3916,584,19012,598,58147.7%52.3%91.32022IBGE 2022 Census
55-595,419,5056,149,60111,569,10646.8%53.2%88.12022IBGE 2022 Census
60-644,605,8345,338,5559,944,38946.3%53.7%86.32022IBGE 2022 Census
65-693,588,0524,288,1807,876,23245.6%54.4%83.72022IBGE 2022 Census
70-742,615,3503,243,1865,858,53644.6%55.4%80.62022IBGE 2022 Census
75-791,657,7862,189,5933,847,37943.1%56.9%75.72022IBGE 2022 Census
80-841,009,8521,465,1782,475,03040.8%59.2%68.92022IBGE 2022 Census
85-89493,649835,5541,329,20337.1%62.9%59.12022IBGE 2022 Census
90-94194,341385,388579,72933.5%66.5%50.42022IBGE 2022 Census
95-9950,319114,859165,17830.5%69.5%43.82022IBGE 2022 Census
100+10,57027,24437,81428.0%72.0%38.82022IBGE 2022 Census
Table analysis
  • The 2022 Census counted 98,532,431 men and 104,548,325 women.
  • The 0-14 population is male-heavy: 20,465,717 boys and 19,663,544 girls.
  • The 15-64 population is female-heavy: 68,446,795 men and 72,335,599 women.
  • The 65+ group has a lower sex ratio, with 9,619,919 men and 12,549,182 women.
  • The age-sex pattern should be read as a distribution, not as a causal explanation.

Fertility and Life Expectancy

Fertility Compared With Replacement Level

Brazil’s total fertility rate compared with the broad 2.1 benchmark.

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Source: World Bank WDI, 2024. Replacement level is a broad benchmark, not a country-specific threshold.

Chart analysis
  • Brazil’s 2024 fertility value is 1.6 births per woman.
  • The value is below the broad replacement-level benchmark of 2.1 births per woman.

Life Expectancy at Birth by Sex

Latest IBGE life table values for total, men and women.

Hover or click the chart to inspect values.

Source: IBGE Complete Life Tables, 2024.

Chart analysis
  • Life expectancy at birth was 76.6 years in 2024.
  • The female value, 79.9 years, was 6.6 years above the male value of 73.3 years.
  • The chart uses official IBGE life table values, not UN model estimates.

Life Expectancy Time Series

YearTotalMenWomenGapSource
194045.542.948.35.4IBGE Complete Life Tables
195048.045.350.85.5IBGE Complete Life Tables
196052.549.755.55.8IBGE Complete Life Tables
197057.654.660.86.2IBGE Complete Life Tables
198062.559.665.76.1IBGE Complete Life Tables
199166.963.270.97.7IBGE Complete Life Tables
200071.167.375.17.8IBGE Complete Life Tables
201074.470.778.17.4IBGE Complete Life Tables
201976.272.879.66.8IBGE Complete Life Tables
202074.871.278.57.3IBGE Complete Life Tables
202172.869.376.47.1IBGE Complete Life Tables
202275.472.178.86.7IBGE Complete Life Tables
202376.473.179.76.6IBGE Complete Life Tables
202476.673.379.96.6IBGE Complete Life Tables
Table analysis
  • IBGE life expectancy rose from 45.5 years in 1940 to 76.6 years in 2024.
  • The series shows a dip in 2020 and 2021, followed by a recovery in 2022-2024.
  • The male-female gap in 2024 is 6.6 years.

Population Projection

Brazil Population Projection, 2030-2050

Scenario-based UN WPP 2024 medium-variant projection.

Hover or click the chart to inspect values.

Source: UN DESA World Population Prospects 2024, medium-fertility variant. Projection values are not guaranteed outcomes.

Projection analysis
  • The medium-variant series reaches 219.2 million in 2040.
  • The projection then edges down to 217.5 million by 2050.
  • The same projection table reports fertility near 1.56-1.58 births per woman through 2030-2050.
YearProjected populationYearly % changeYearly changeNet migration assumptionMedian ageFertility rateUrban pop %Urban populationScenarioSource
2030216,074,4110.30%652,401-146,32536.91.5893.2%201,296,099Medium-fertility variantUN WPP 2024
2035218,199,7070.20%425,059-85,23338.91.5794.7%206,742,576Medium-fertility variantUN WPP 2024
2040219,237,0840.09%207,475-30,63440.81.5796.2%210,796,522Medium-fertility variantUN WPP 2024
2045219,026,196-0.02%-42,178-32,81542.51.5797.5%213,520,940Medium-fertility variantUN WPP 2024
2050217,489,299-0.14%-307,379-29,98743.91.5698.9%215,063,348Medium-fertility variantUN WPP 2024

Urban and Capital Population

RankCapitalStatePopulationAnnual growthYearSource
1São PauloSP11,904,9610.08%2025IBGE Population Estimates
2Rio de JaneiroRJ6,730,7290.01%2025IBGE Population Estimates
3BrasíliaDF2,996,8990.47%2025IBGE Population Estimates
4FortalezaCE2,578,4830.16%2025IBGE Population Estimates
5SalvadorBA2,564,204-0.18%2025IBGE Population Estimates
6Belo HorizonteMG2,415,872-0.02%2025IBGE Population Estimates
7ManausAM2,303,7321.05%2025IBGE Population Estimates
8CuritibaPR1,830,7950.09%2025IBGE Population Estimates
9RecifePE1,588,3760.04%2025IBGE Population Estimates
10GoiâniaGO1,503,2560.58%2025IBGE Population Estimates
Table analysis
  • The 27 state capitals together had 49,302,073 residents in 2025, equal to 23.1% of Brazil’s resident population.
  • São Paulo municipality remains the largest capital in this table, with 11,904,961 residents.
  • Among the ten capitals shown here, Manaus has the highest listed annual growth rate at 1.05%.

Demographic Overview

Population direction

IBGE’s 2025 estimate shows continued growth, but the annual rate is below half a percent.

Age structure

The 2022 Census records a broad working-age majority and a 65+ share above one tenth of the population.

Age-sex balance

The Census shows more men in younger age groups and more women from age 25-29 onward.

Fertility pattern

The World Bank 2024 fertility value of 1.6 births per woman is below the 2.1 replacement benchmark.

Urban profile

More than nine in ten residents are classified as urban in the World Bank / UN urban series.

Projection path

The UN medium-variant projection peaks around 2040 in the table shown here, then moves slightly lower by 2050.

Data Sources and Methodology

SourceYear or releaseUsed for
IBGE Population Estimates2025 release, July 1 reference dateResident population, annual population growth, capital population table
IBGE 2022 Census2022 Census universe resultsCensus population, median age, broad age structure, age-sex table, population pyramid, sex ratio
IBGE Complete Life Tables2024 life tables, released 2025Life expectancy by sex and historical life expectancy table
World Bank World Development Indicators2024 values, database updated 2026World Bank total population, fertility rate, urban population share
UN DESA World Population Prospects 20242024 revision, medium-fertility variantPopulation history chart, detailed population history table, net migration, projections, density, world share and global rank fields
Method note
  • IBGE resident estimates and Census counts are national statistical measures; UN WPP and World Bank values are internationally harmonized series.
  • The population trend table uses UN WPP-style mid-year values and should not be directly merged with the IBGE 2025 resident estimate.
  • World Bank urban values use national urban definitions in the UN urban series; urban definitions can vary across countries.
  • Sex ratio values in the age-sex table are calculated as male population divided by female population, multiplied by 100.
  • Rounded percentages may not sum exactly to 100.0%.

Indicator Definitions

IndicatorDefinitionUnitSource note
Resident populationPeople living in Brazil under the source’s resident population concept.PersonsIBGE estimates and Census counts are national measures.
Mid-year populationEstimated population as of July 1 in UN WPP-style annual series.PersonsUsed in population history and projection tables.
Fertility rateAverage number of births per woman under current age-specific fertility rates.Births per womanWorld Bank WDI value shown for 2024.
Life expectancy at birthAverage number of years a newborn would live under life table mortality rates.YearsIBGE Complete Life Tables are used for national values.
Net migrationImmigrants minus emigrants in the UN WPP population accounting series.PersonsShown as a model-based UN series field.
Urban population sharePopulation living in areas classified as urban under national definitions used in the UN urban series.PercentWorld Bank WDI / UN urban series.
Sex ratioMale population per 100 female residents.Men per 100 womenCalculated from IBGE Census male and female counts.

Methodological Safety Note

Methodological Safety Note: Brazil demographic values can differ because resident population estimates, census counts, mid-year model estimates and projections are separate measures. IBGE 2025 resident estimates should not be treated as identical to UN WPP or World Bank mid-year series. Projection values are scenario-based estimates, not observed data. Urban population depends on the definition applied by the source. Net migration, fertility, life expectancy and age-sex counts use separate source systems and years. Percentages are rounded, and sex ratios are calculated from male and female counts shown in the age-sex table.

Brazil Demographics FAQ

What is Brazil’s population?

IBGE estimated Brazil’s resident population at 213,421,037 on July 1, 2025. The 2022 Census counted 203,080,756 residents.

Is Brazil’s fertility rate below replacement level?

Yes. The World Bank WDI value for 2024 is 1.6 births per woman, below the broad replacement benchmark of 2.1.

How old is Brazil’s population?

The 2022 Census reports a median age of 35 years. It also counts 22,169,101 residents aged 65 or older.

Does Brazil have more men or women?

The 2022 Census counted 98,532,431 men and 104,548,325 women, equal to a sex ratio of 94.2 men per 100 women.